Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Comparison - Dog breed selector: Deutscher Boxer or Rott or Doberman? Find the right dog for you
"Find similarities and differences between Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher"
Compare Boxer and Rottweiler. Which is better: Boxer or Rottweiler or Doberman Pinscher?
Name | Boxer | Rottweiler | Doberman Pinscher |
---|---|---|---|
Origins | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Group | Working Dogs | Working Dogs | Working Dogs |
Popularity Rank | 11 | 8 | 16 |
Reviews | 8 | 13 | 18 |
User Ratings |
Common Names & Aliases
Compare alternative names and nicknames used for Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher breeds. |
Deutscher Boxer German Boxer |
Rott Rottie |
Doberman Dobermann Dobynm Dobie |
---|---|---|---|
Breed Classification
How do breed classifications differ between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher? Compare their breeding categories. | Purebred | Purebred | Purebred |
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Size and Weight Comparison
Size Classification
Compare size differences between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which breed is the largest? | Medium | Large Giant | Medium |
---|---|---|---|
Weight Statistics
How do weights compare between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher? Compare adult weight ranges. | Male: 60-70 pounds (27-32 kg), Female: 53-65 pounds (24-29 kg) | Male: 95-130 pounds (43-59 kg), Female: 85-115 pounds (38-52 kg) | Male: 88-99 pounds (40-45 kg), Female: 71-77 pounds (32-35 kg) |
Average Weight
Which dog has a smaller / higher average weight? | Male: 65 pounds (29.5 kg), Female: 59 pounds (26.5 kg) | Male: 112.5 pounds (51 kg), Female: 100 pounds (45 kg) | Male: 93.5 pounds (42.5 kg), Female: 74 pounds (33.5 kg) |
Height
Which is taller, Boxer or Rottweiler or Doberman Pinscher? Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher height comparison: | Male: 22-25 inches (56-63 cm), Female: 21-24 inches (53-61 cm) | Male: 24-27 inches (61-69 cm), Female: 22-25 inches (56-63 cm) | Male: 26-28 inches (66-71cm), Female: 24-26 inches (61-66 cm) |
Average Height
Which dog has a smaller / higher average height? | Male: 23.5 inches (59.5 cm), Female: 22.5 inches (57 cm) | Male: 25.5 inches (65 cm), Female: 23.5 inches (59.5 cm) | Male: 27 inches (68.5 cm), Female: 25 inches (63.5 cm) |
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Price and Availability Comparison
Price Range
Compare puppy costs for Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Find price differences between these breeds. | $600-$1200 | $1200-$2000 | $800-$1000 |
---|---|---|---|
Availability
Which is easier to get, Boxer or Rottweiler or Doberman Pinscher? | Very frequent: The Boxer is quite easy to get. | Very frequent: The Rottweiler is quite easy to get. | Very frequent: The Doberman Pinscher is quite easy to get. |
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Trainability and Intelligence Comparison
Intelligence Rating
Compare intelligence levels between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which breed ranks highest? | Average: It takes patience to teach this breed any tricks or commands, but the effort is worth it. | Outstanding: Rottweiler is one of the brightest dog breeds. | Outstanding: Doberman Pinscher is one of the brightest dog breeds. |
---|---|---|---|
Training Difficulty
Compare training difficulty levels between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which is easiest to train? | Boxer dogs are quite easy to train. | Rottweiler dogs are easy to train. | Doberman Pinscher dogs are quite easy to train. |
Watchdog Rating
Compare watchdog abilities of Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which breed is most alert? | Boxer dogs are one of the best watchdogs. | Rottweiler dogs are one of the best watchdogs. | Doberman Pinscher dogs are one of the best watchdogs. |
Territorial Protection
Compare territorial instincts between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which breed is most protective? | Boxer dogs are extremely protective guard dogs. | Rottweiler dogs are extremely protective guard dogs. | Doberman Pinscher dogs are extremely protective guard dogs. |
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Personality and Temperament Comparison
Personality Traits
How do personalities differ between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher? Compare temperaments. |
Playful Energetic Intelligent Confident Friendly Loyal Fearless Brave Bright |
Independent Protective Alert Courageous Intelligent Loyal Fearless Good-natured |
Energetic Alert Intelligent Obedient Loyal Fearless |
---|---|---|---|
Sensitivity Level
Which dog is more sensitive? What's the difference? | They are a little bit more sensitive than other dog breeds. | They are a little bit more sensitive than other dog breeds. | Sensitive: Doberman Pinscher dogs don't like an irregular daily routine, noisy household, and frequent guest visits. |
Affection Level
Which is the more affectionate dog breed: Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher? | High: Boxer dogs are genuinely loyal, soft and gentle, loving, and affectionate dogs toward their handlers. | Average: Rottweiler dogs are average dogs regarding their affection level. | High: Doberman Pinscher dogs are genuinely loyal, soft and gentle, loving, and affectionate dogs toward their handlers. |
Social Needs
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher social needs comparison: | Boxer dogs need a lot of social interaction. | Rottweiler dogs need a lot of social interaction. | Doberman Pinscher dogs need for social interaction is average. |
Impulse to Wander or Roam
Which dog has a greater roaming instinct? | Boxer dogs have average wanderlust potential. | Rottweiler dogs tend to escape less than other breeds. | Doberman Pinscher dogs tend to escape less than other breeds. |
Prey Drive
Which dog has a higher prey drive? Which can be better for hunting? | Boxer dogs have an average prey drive, which means that they don't have a high impulse to chase and catch something like a cat or any other small aminals, but it might happen. | Rottweiler dogs have a higher impulse to chase and catch something than other dog breeds. | Their prey drive is low. |
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Activity and Playfulness Comparison
Barking Frequency
Compare barking frequencies of Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which breed is most vocal? | Low to Average: The Boxer rarely barks. | Low: The Rottweiler barks none to minimal. | Low to Average: The Doberman Pinscher rarely barks. |
---|---|---|---|
Playful Nature
Compare playfulness levels between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which breed is most playful? | The Boxer is a playful breed. | Average: Rottweilers, like any other dog breed, like playing. | Average: Doberman Pinschers, like any other dog breed, like playing. |
Apartment Adaptability
Compare apartment suitability of Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which adapts best to small spaces? | Apartment-friendly dog the Boxer breed. | It is not the best choice if you want to keep them indoors, however, with careful exercise and several walks a day, they will tolerate the indoor environment, so it is possible to keep Rottweiler indoors. | Very house-friendly dog the Doberman Pinscher breed. |
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Adaptability and Independence Comparison
Lifestyle Adaptability
Compare adaptability between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which breed is most flexible? | Boxer dogs adapt well to lifestyle changes and different living environments. | Average: Rottweiler dogs adapt to lifestyle changes and different living environments quite okay usually. | Doberman Pinscher dogs adapt very well to lifestyle changes and basically all living environments. |
---|---|---|---|
Alone Time Tolerance
Which dog can be left alone: Boxer or Rottweiler or Doberman Pinscher? | Boxer dogs tend to have separation anxiety when their owners left them alone at home because they bond very closely with them. | Rottweiler dogs tend to have separation anxiety when their owners left them alone at home because they bond very closely with them. | Just like every puppy, they are prone to panic, cry, bark, whine when they left alone by their owner. |
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Bite Characteristics Comparison
Bite Risk Assessment
Compare biting potential between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which has lowest bite risk? | Low 🔽 The Boxer has a low chance of biting somebody. | High 🔼 The Rottweiler has a high chance of biting somebody. | Moderate ⏺ The Doberman Pinscher has an average chance of biting somebody. |
---|---|---|---|
Mouthing Tendency
Compare mouthing tendencies between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which uses mouth most during play? | Boxer dogs have a lower than average tendency to nip, chew, playbite, or herd people. | Rottweiler dogs have an average tendency to nip, chew, playbite, or herd people. | Doberman Pinscher dogs have a lower than average tendency to nip, chew, playbite, or herd people. |
Bite Strength Rating
Compare bite forces between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which has the strongest bite? | Between 200 and 400 PSI ⏺ Boxer bite force: Ordinary. | Between 200 and 400 PSI ⏺ Rottweiler bite force: Ordinary. | Between 200 and 400 PSI ⏺ Doberman Pinscher bite force: Ordinary. |
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Health and Lifespan Comparison
Average Lifespan
Compare life expectancies of Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which breed lives longest? |
10-12 years The average lifespan of Boxer: 11 years |
8-12 years The average lifespan of Rottweiler: 10 years |
10-12 years The average lifespan of Doberman Pinscher: 11 years |
---|---|---|---|
Climate Tolerance
Compare weather adaptability between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which handles climate changes best? | Prefers average to warm weather conditions Different dogs have different preferences when it comes to weather conditions. | Prefers average to warm weather conditions Different dogs have different preferences when it comes to weather conditions. | Prefers warm weather Dogs that prefer warm weather conditions are typically breeds that were originally bred in warmer climates. |
Health Concerns
Compare health problems common in Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which has fewer health issues? | The Boxer is a healthy breed, but there are certain health issues that you should check with your vet regularly. | The Rottweiler is a healthy breed, but there are certain health issues that you should check with your vet regularly. | Doberman Pinschers are commonly healthy dogs. |
Vet Care Frequency
Which one may need more or less veterinary visits? |
Average The Boxer should have a complete physical check-up at least once per year. |
Average The Rottweiler should have a complete physical check-up at least once per year. |
Rare The Doberman Pinscher should have a complete physical check-up at least every 12-18 months (but preferably once per year). |
Health Problems
Which one has more or less genetic/health problems: Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher? What are the allergies, genetic diseases and concerns for them? Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher health problems comparison: | Hip Dysplasia Allergies Cancer Hypothyroidism Bloat Deafness Demodectic Mange Aortic Stenosis Boxer Cardiomyopathy Corneal Dystrophy | Hip Dysplasia Allergies Hypothyroidism Bloat Elbow Dysplasia Panosteitis Aortic Stenosis Osteosarcoma Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis | Hip Dysplasia Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) Von Willebrand's Disease Wobbler's Syndrome Cardiomyopathy |
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Energy and Activity Comparison
Energy Rating
Compare energy levels between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which breed is most active? | Boxer dogs are high-energy dogs. | Rottweiler dogs have a higher energy level than other dog breeds. | Doberman Pinscher dogs have a higher energy level than other dog breeds. |
---|---|---|---|
Activity Requirement / Exercise Need
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher exercise need comparison. Which dog needs more activity? Which dog needs the most exercise: Boxer or Rottweiler or Doberman Pinscher? Which dog needs the most walking? Which dog is the laziest? | Boxer dogs need quite a lot of exercise. | Rottweiler dogs have an average exercise need. | Doberman Pinscher dogs need quite a lot of exercise. |
Sleeping Need
Which one sleeps the least/most: Boxer or Rottweiler or Doberman Pinscher? | Boxer dogs don't need too much sleep. | Rottweiler dogs are quite energetic dogs and they don't spend too much time with sleeping. | Doberman Pinscher dogs sleep 12-14 hours a day as an average dog and they're not considered a lazy breed. |
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Diet and Weight Management Comparison
Obesity Tendency
Compare weight gain tendencies between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which is most prone to obesity? | Average to High: If you don't pay attention to the Boxer's weight, he can easily gain weight. | High: The Rottweiler breed has a strong tendency to be overweight. | Average: The Doberman Pinscher has an average risk for obesity. |
---|---|---|---|
Food Consumption
Compare food requirements between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which needs most food? | Recommended daily amount: 2 to 3 cups of high-quality dry food a day, divided into two meals. | Recommended daily amount: 4 to 10 cups of high-quality dry food a day, divided into two meals. | 5 to 6 cups of high-quality dry food a day, divided into two meals. |
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Allergies and Grooming Comparison
Allergy Friendliness
Compare hypoallergenic qualities of Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which is best for allergy sufferers? | No See more. | No See more. | No See more. |
---|---|---|---|
Coat Colors
Compare color variations between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. What colors are available? | White Fawn Brindle |
Black Tan Rust Mahogany |
Black Tan Red Blue White Brown |
Grooming Requirements
Compare grooming needs between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which requires most maintenance? | Effortless: The Boxer requires minimal grooming. | Effortless: The Rottweiler requires minimal grooming. | Easy to groom: The Doberman Pinscher doesn't require a lot of grooming. |
Drooling Tendency
Compare drooling tendencies between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which drools least? | The Boxer is a perfect example of a low drooling tendency. | The Rottweiler drools quite a lot, so if you dislike being covered by slobber spots on your clothes, you may want to choose another dog breed. | The Doberman Pinscher drools quite a lot, so if you dislike being covered by slobber spots on your clothes, you may want to choose another dog breed. |
Stinkiness Rating
Compare odor levels between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which has least natural smell? | High 🔼 The Boxer has a high chance of bad smell. | Medium ⏺ The Rottweiler has an average chance of bad smell. | Medium ⏺ The Doberman Pinscher has an average chance of bad smell. |
Coat Characteristics
Compare coat types between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. How do their fur characteristics differ? | Waterproof | Dense | Fine |
Bathing Needs
Compare bathing needs between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which requires most frequent baths? | 3-4 weeks More often than average. These dog coats tend to be longer, softer, and oilier than short-haired breeds. | 4-6 weeks Average. Experts recommended at least every 4-6 weeks for this family pup. | 3-4 weeks More often than average. These dog coats tend to be longer, softer, and oilier than short-haired breeds. |
Shedding Level
Who sheds more Boxer or Rottweiler or Doberman Pinscher? Boxer or Rottweiler or {name3 shedding: | Boxer dogs shed moderately. | Rottweiler dogs shed moderately. | Doberman Pinscher dogs shed moderately. |
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Good With Comparison
Child Compatibility
Compare child-friendliness between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which is best with kids? | Boxer dogs are kid-friendly dogs. | Rottweiler dogs are not the most kid-friendly dogs. | Doberman Pinscher dogs are average friendly dogs towards children. |
---|---|---|---|
Pet Compatibility
Which dog breeds get along well with other animals/pets? | Boxer dogs are generally with other pets. | Rottweiler dogs are generally with other pets. | Doberman Pinscher dogs are generally with other pets. |
Stranger Friendly
Which dog is more stranger friendly Boxer or Rottweiler or Doberman Pinscher? Which dog is more friendly? | Boxer dogs are average friendly towards strangers. | Rottweiler dogs are not stranger friendly dogs. | Doberman Pinscher dogs are not stranger friendly dogs. |
Cat Friendly
Which dog is more cat friendly Boxer or Rottweiler or Doberman Pinscher? | Boxer dogs are average friendly towards cats. | Rottweiler dogs are average friendly towards cats. | Doberman Pinscher dogs are average friendly towards cats. |
Dog Friendly
Which dog is more dog friendly Boxer or Rottweiler or Doberman Pinscher? | Boxer dogs are not the most dog-friendly dogs. | Rottweiler dogs are not dog-friendly. | Doberman Pinscher dogs are not the most dog-friendly dogs. |
Good For First Time Owners
Which dog is good for the first-time owners: Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher? |
Yes Boxer dogs are good for novice owners, due to their easy-going personality. |
Yes Rottweiler dogs are good for novice owners, due to their easy-going personality. |
Yes Doberman Pinscher dogs are good for novice owners, due to their easy-going personality. |
Office Friendly
Which one fits better in the office? |
No Boxer is not the best dog breed for office environment. |
No Rottweiler is not the best dog breed for office environment. |
No Doberman Pinscher is not the best dog breed for office environment. |
Senior Citizens Friendly
Which dog is good for elderly people? | Boxers are usually recommended for elderly people. | Rottweilers are not the best breed for elderly people. | Doberman Pinschers are commonly okay with elderly people. |
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher As a Working Dog Comparison
Service Dog Capability
Compare service dog potential between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which is best suited for service work? | Not really This breed generally not used as a service dog. | Yes This breed makes good as a service dog. | Not really This breed generally not used as a service dog. |
---|---|---|---|
Therapy Work Suitability
Compare therapy dog potential between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which excels in therapy work? | Not really This breed is generally not used as a therapy dog. | Yes This breed makes a perfect therapy dog. | Not really This breed is generally not used as a therapy dog. |
Scent Detection Ability
Compare detection capabilities between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which has best nose work ability? | Not really They are not typically employed for this type of work, but there may be exceptional cases. | Not really They are not typically employed for this type of work, but there may be exceptional cases. | Not really They are not typically employed for this type of work, but there may be exceptional cases. |
Search & Rescue Potential
Compare search and rescue potential between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which is best for SAR work? | Not really This dog breed is not typically used as a search and rescue dog. | Not really This dog breed is not typically used as a search and rescue dog. | Not really This dog breed is not typically used as a search and rescue dog. |
Maritime Work Ability
Compare boating aptitude between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which is best suited for water work? | Not really Boxer breed usually doesn't like being on a boat. | Not really Rottweiler breed usually doesn't like being on a boat. | Not really Doberman Pinscher breed usually doesn't like being on a boat. |
Draft Work Capability
Compare cart pulling abilities between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which is best for draft work? | Yes A drafting dog or draft dog is a dog bred and used for cart pulling. | Yes A drafting dog or draft dog is a dog bred and used for cart pulling. | Not really A drafting dog or draft dog is a dog bred and used for cart pulling. |
Military Service Background
Compare military service history of Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which has most military use? | Yes In history, this breed was unfortunately used for combat dogs. | Yes In history, this breed was unfortunately used for combat dogs. | Yes In history, this breed was unfortunately used for combat dogs. |
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Reproducibility Comparison
Puppy Litter Size
Compare typical litter sizes of Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which has most puppies? | 2-10 puppies, average 6 | 8-12 puppies | 6-10 puppies |
---|---|---|---|
Pregnancy Duration
Compare gestation periods of Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Any breeding differences? | 60-64 days See more. | 60-64 days See more. | 60-64 days See more. |
Breeding Frequency
Compare breeding intervals between Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. What's recommended? | Once a year. More frequent breeding is not healthy. | Once a year. More frequent breeding is not healthy. | Once a year. More frequent breeding is not healthy. |
Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Recognition Comparison
AKC Classification
Compare AKC groups for Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. How are they classified? | Recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1904 as a Working breed. | Recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1931 as a Working breed. | Recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1908 as a Working breed. |
---|---|---|---|
FCI Classification
Compare FCI groups for Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. How are they classified internationally? | Recognized by FCI in the Pinscher and Schnauzer - Molossoid and Swiss Mountain and Cattledogs group, in the Molossian type section. | Recognized by FCI in the Pinscher and Schnauzer - Molossoid and Swiss Mountain and Cattledogs group, in the Molossian type section. | Recognized by FCI in the Pinscher and Schnauzer - Molossoid and Swiss Mountain and Cattledogs group, in the Pinscher and Schnauzer type section. |
Kennel Club Recognition
Compare breed recognition status of Boxer, Rottweiler, and Doberman Pinscher. Which has most recognition? |
American Canine Registry American Kennel Club America's Pet Registry Canadian Kennel Club Dog Registry of America Inc. Federation Cynologique Internationale Kennel Club of Great Britain North American Purebred Registry, Inc. American Canine Association, Inc. Australian National Kennel Council Continental Kennel Club National Kennel Club New Zealand Kennel Club United Kennel Club Canadian Canine Registry |
American Canine Registry American Kennel Club America's Pet Registry Canadian Kennel Club Dog Registry of America Inc. Federation Cynologique Internationale Kennel Club of Great Britain North American Purebred Registry, Inc. American Canine Association, Inc. Australian National Kennel Council Continental Kennel Club National Kennel Club New Zealand Kennel Club United Kennel Club Colonial Rottweiler Club Deutscher Rottweiler Klub International Rottweiler Club |
American Canine Registry American Kennel Club America's Pet Registry Canadian Kennel Club Dog Registry of America Inc. Federation Cynologique Internationale Kennel Club of Great Britain North American Purebred Registry, Inc. American Canine Association, Inc. Australian National Kennel Council Continental Kennel Club New Zealand Kennel Club United Kennel Club Canadian Canine Registry |
Popular Dog Compares
Sharing is caring.
Help our free service by spreading information about dog breeds.
Link to this: Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Comparison - Dog breed selector: Deutscher Boxer or Rott or Doberman? Find the right dog for you
<a href="https://ftp.dogell.com/en/compare-dog-breeds/boxer-vs-rottweiler-vs-doberman-pinscher">Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Comparison - Dog breed selector: Deutscher Boxer or Rott or Doberman? Find the right dog for you</a>
Help our free service by spreading information about dog breeds.
Link to this: Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Comparison - Dog breed selector: Deutscher Boxer or Rott or Doberman? Find the right dog for you
<a href="https://ftp.dogell.com/en/compare-dog-breeds/boxer-vs-rottweiler-vs-doberman-pinscher">Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher Comparison - Dog breed selector: Deutscher Boxer or Rott or Doberman? Find the right dog for you</a>
Rate This Comparsion - Boxer vs Rottweiler vs Doberman Pinscher
Reviews
- [email protected]
Dec 4, 2020, 3:06:24 AM:
Rottweiler and Doberman have never been used for dog fights , Boxers have. Very serious misinformation.